{"id":364,"date":"2013-05-25T10:45:44","date_gmt":"2013-05-25T14:45:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/practiceconservation.com\/?p=364"},"modified":"2013-05-24T11:05:26","modified_gmt":"2013-05-24T15:05:26","slug":"repelling-the-invaders","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/practiceconservation.com\/?p=364","title":{"rendered":"Repelling the invaders"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>\n <o:OfficeDocumentSettings>\n  <o:AllowPNG\/>\n <\/o:OfficeDocumentSettings>\n<\/xml><![endif]--><\/p>\n<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>\n <w:WordDocument>\n  <w:View>Normal<\/w:View>\n  <w:Zoom>0<\/w:Zoom>\n  <w:TrackMoves\/>\n  <w:TrackFormatting\/>\n  <w:PunctuationKerning\/>\n  <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas\/>\n  <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false<\/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>\n  <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false<\/w:IgnoreMixedContent>\n  <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false<\/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>\n  <w:DoNotPromoteQF\/>\n  <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US<\/w:LidThemeOther>\n  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Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" SemiHidden=\"false\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/>\n <\/w:LatentStyles>\n<\/xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>\n\n\n<style>\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n\t{mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n\tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n\tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n\tmso-style-noshow:yes;\n\tmso-style-priority:99;\n\tmso-style-parent:\"\";\n\tmso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n\tmso-para-margin-top:0in;\n\tmso-para-margin-right:0in;\n\tmso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\n\tmso-para-margin-left:0in;\n\tline-height:115%;\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n\tfont-size:11.0pt;\n\tfont-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<![endif]-->During the past few weeks, I\u2019ve been looking into invasive aquatic plants- it\u2019s clear that there are many species and that we are doing a good job of helping them find new habitats to exploit. It\u2019s also clear that there are big differences between species in terms of impact and the locations where they pose a real concern. It is possible to eradicate invasive species, but that\u2019s a long-term commitment that requires a certain amount of stamina, both fiscal and physical (a study in Nevada and California estimated that manual removal of milfoil cost $750-$1500 per hectare per treatment (Eiswerth et al. 2000)- and that needs to be sustained over multiple treatments). Prevention is a better goal here, but, since these invasives are already present, we\u2019ll need to approach them from both angles- and there are many, many ways that we can all contribute to the campaign.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Stopping the spread:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Learn to identify the target species- federal governments, state\/provincial governments, and international bodies all have lists of invasive species with descriptions, some even have \u2018ask the experts\u2019 options for help if you are stumped. Maine, for example, has a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.maine.gov\/dep\/water\/invasives\/invaquarium.html\" target=\"_blank\">list of common names of invasives<\/a> to help you recognize them in other contexts, and the US government has an <a href=\"http:\/\/www.invasiveplantatlas.org\" target=\"_blank\">invasive plant atlas<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>If you are a boater\/fisherman\/outdoor enthusiast, be sure to clean and dry all equipment before transporting it between bodies of water- the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.protectyourwaters.net\" target=\"_blank\">USFWS recommends<\/a> using hot or salty water to clean equipment and reminds you that pets can transport invasive species if they play in one body of water and then are not thoroughly dried before leaving the area (that was a new idea to me). Several states have already moved to ban felt-soled waders because they are harder to clean than the rubber-soled variety- check out the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.stopans.org\" target=\"_blank\">Invasive Species Action Network<\/a> for more information on that and other angler concerns.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>If you have a home aquarium or water garden, be sure to research your plants and talk to your suppliers- a study in South Africa found that aquaria owners were better informed than the dealers who supplied them (Martin &amp; Coetzee 2011), so spread the knowledge you have. And please consider using native alternatives for your home and garden- in Australia, there is a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.growmeinstead.com.au\" target=\"_blank\">region-by-region resource<\/a> that gives you the best alternatives for your area. And when it comes time to dispose of a non-native species, seal them in plastic bags and put them directly in the trash- we don\u2019t want seeds getting into compost or roots surviving the trip to the dump.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/practiceconservation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/DSCN1359.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-350\" alt=\"How much of this vegetation is native and how much is not?\" src=\"http:\/\/practiceconservation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/DSCN1359-300x225.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"http:\/\/practiceconservation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/DSCN1359-300x225.jpg 300w, http:\/\/practiceconservation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/DSCN1359-1024x768.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Monitoring our progress:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A number of organizations use volunteers to track the presence of invasive species- the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eddmaps.org\/ipane\/\" target=\"_blank\">Invasive Plant Atlas of New England<\/a> and the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gri.msstate.edu\/ipams\/\" target=\"_blank\">Invasive Plant Atlas of the Midsouth<\/a>, for example, hold regular training sessions and use data from volunteers to predict areas that need special attention.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Getting to the root of an invasion:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Many regions have organizations with active invasive species removal programs (as well as planting of native species) with activities throughout the year- this is a chance to get your hands dirty and make a personal contribution to eradicating invasive aquatics. It\u2019s short notice, but the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.chesapeakebay.net\/takeaction\/events\" target=\"_blank\">Chesapeake Bay Program<\/a> will be planting marsh grass on May 30- they have other events throughout the year. For those of you living around Boston, the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.crwa.org\/events\/waterchestnut.html\" target=\"_blank\">Charles River Watershed Association<\/a> works to protect that water body (water chestnut removal, anyone?).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Invasive species are a very big issue, and I\u2019ve only looked at a small piece over the past few weeks. I think that effective prevention of their spread only works when everyone is informed and participates, and I think that removal of invasives really does require everyone to pitch in because a lot of work is needed. I\u2019ve just scratched the surface here with regard to getting involved, so find an activity that appeals to you and get to it- this is a cooperative effort.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Works cited:<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Eiswerth, ME, Donaldson, SG, and WS Johnson. 2000. Potential environmental impacts and economic damages of Eurasian watermilfoil (<i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Myriophyllum spicatum<\/i>) in western Nevada and northeastern California. <i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Weed Technology<\/i> <b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">14<\/b>: 511-518.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Martin, GD and JA Coetzee. 2011. Pet stores, aquarists and the internet trade as modes of introduction and spread of invasive macrophytes in South Africa. <i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Water SA<\/i> <b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">37<\/b>: 371-380.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>During the past few weeks, I\u2019ve been looking into invasive aquatic plants- it\u2019s clear that there are many species and that we are doing a good job of helping them find new habitats to exploit. It\u2019s also clear that there are big differences between species in terms of impact and the locations where they pose [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_s2mail":"yes","footnotes":""},"categories":[93],"tags":[95,46,20,11,94,23],"class_list":["post-364","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-invasive-species","tag-aquatic-systems","tag-australia","tag-conservation","tag-get-involved","tag-invasive-species-2","tag-new-england"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/practiceconservation.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/364","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/practiceconservation.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/practiceconservation.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/practiceconservation.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/practiceconservation.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=364"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/practiceconservation.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/364\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":370,"href":"http:\/\/practiceconservation.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/364\/revisions\/370"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/practiceconservation.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=364"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/practiceconservation.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=364"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/practiceconservation.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=364"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}